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Machine-learned particle flow

MLPF reconstructs the particles produced in a collision from detector measurements. It uses a neural network to combine information from tracking detectors and calorimeters and produces a list of particle candidates for the full event. The project supports studies with the CMS detector and with the CLD and CLIC future-detector concepts.

This documentation describes the codebase prepared for v3.2.0: supported workflows, configuration, and validation limits. Dataset schemas and model artifacts have independent versions. Published physics results remain tied to their original code, data, detector setup, and checkpoints.

Where should I start?

If you want to...Start here
Understand particle flow and MLPFParticle flow and MLPF
Check that the repository worksQuickstart
Choose between evaluation, training, and data productionChoose a workflow
Download a prepared training datasetDataset download
Produce a dataset from simulationDataset generation
Train or continue a modelTrain a model
Balance training samples and monitor their lossesDataset mixing
Evaluate a published CLD or CLIC modelKey4HEP evaluation
Choose the right validation checkValidation overview
Export and compare an ONNX modelONNX validation
See which detectors and features are implementedCurrent capabilities
Read the scientific resultsPublications
Understand remaining limits and prioritiesDevelopment priorities
Find a code componentRepository map

The workflow at a glance

detector simulation
        |
        v
tracks, calorimeter clusters, or detector hits
        |
        v
detector-specific postprocessing and data checks
        |
        v
versioned TensorFlow Dataset (TFDS)
        |
        v
MLPF training and checkpoint
        |
        v
particle predictions
        |
        v
particle, jet, missing-momentum, and deployment validation

The full workflow is available for CMS, CLD, and CLIC. Published datasets and model checkpoints from the MLPF Hugging Face repositories provide the shortest starting path.

For a first hands-on use, download the published CLD dataset and follow the short training path. For an existing checkpoint, start with the standalone Key4HEP evaluator.

Support levels

The documentation uses four labels:

See Current capabilities for the detailed matrix.